How to Stay Prepared for Wildfires When You Have a Chronic Lung Disease

Wildfires are becoming increasingly common and severe due to climate change. For individuals with chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or pulmonary fibrosis, the threat posed by wildfire smoke is especially serious. The fine particulate matter in wildfire smoke can worsen respiratory symptoms, trigger exacerbations, and cause long-term harm. Preparing in advance and knowing how to respond during wildfire season is crucial for safeguarding your health.

This guide provides practical tips to help you stay prepared and protected if you have a chronic lung disease.

Understanding the Risks of Wildfire Smoke for Lung Disease

Wildfire smoke is a complex mixture of fine particulate matter, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds, and other harmful pollutants. These particles are small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs, exacerbating symptoms in individuals with chronic lung conditions.

For someone with asthma, wildfire smoke can trigger severe attacks. In people with COPD, it may lead to increased coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Prolonged exposure can result in hospitalization or even life-threatening complications.

Preparation Is Key: Steps to Take Before Wildfire Season

Understanding the wildfire risk in your area is the first step to preparation. Sign up for alerts from local weather services, fire departments, or apps that provide real-time updates about air quality and wildfire activity. Websites like AirNow.gov offer air quality index (AQI) readings specific to your location, which can help you monitor smoke levels.

AirNow.gov air quality in LA, CA on 1/9/25

Ensure you have the necessary items to minimize smoke exposure and manage your chronic lung disease effectively. Your wildfire preparedness kit should include:

  • N95 or P100 Masks: Unlike cloth masks or surgical masks, N95 or P100 respirators provide effective protection against fine particulate matter.
  • Medications: Keep a 30-day supply of your prescribed medications, including inhalers, nebulizers, or steroids. Ensure they are not expired and stored properly.
  • Medical Devices: Ensure that essential medical devices, such as CPAP machines and oxygen concentrators, are in good working condition and have backup power options available in case of emergencies.
  • Emergency Contacts: Have a list of your doctors, pharmacies, and nearby emergency services readily available.

Your home should be a safe haven during wildfire season. Take steps to minimize smoke infiltration:

  • Seal Doors and Windows: Use weather stripping or caulk to seal gaps and prevent smoke from entering your home.
  • Switch to Recirculation Mode: Set your HVAC system to recirculate air rather than drawing it from outside. Ensure the system has a clean filter rated MERV 13 or higher.
  • Air Purifier: Invest in a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifier to reduce indoor air pollution.
  • Create a Clean Room: Designate one room in your house as a “clean air” room. Use an air purifier in this room and avoid activities like cooking or vacuuming that can increase indoor pollutants.

Have an evacuation plan tailored to your needs. This includes identifying safe locations to stay where air quality is better, arranging transportation, and informing friends or family members of your plan. Keep a “go bag” with your medical supplies and personal essentials ready at all times as described at the website resource ready.gov.

visual of go bag from ready.gov

Staying Safe During Wildfire Smoke Events

When wildfires are active, the air quality can deteriorate rapidly. Here’s how to protect yourself:

Check the AQI several times a day during wildfire season. The AQI scale ranges from 0 to 500, with higher numbers indicating worse air quality. If the AQI exceeds 100, individuals with lung conditions should take precautions. An AQI above 150 is unhealthy for everyone.

Limit outdoor activities, particularly during periods of heavy smoke. If going outside is unavoidable, wear an N95 or P100 mask to effectively filter out harmful particles. To ensure maximum protection, the mask must fit snugly around your face. These are the same high-efficiency masks widely used during the COVID-19 pandemic for optimal filtration.

  • Close all windows and doors.
  • Use an air purifier with a HEPA filter in your designated clean room.
  • Avoid activities that can worsen indoor air quality, such as burning candles, using fireplaces, or frying food.

Take all medications as directed by your doctor. If you use a rescue inhaler, ensure it is easily accessible at all times. Take your controller medications every day. Follow your asthma or COPD action plan if you notice worsening symptoms.

Long-Term Strategies for Managing Wildfire Smoke Risks

Staying healthy year-round can make your lungs more resilient during wildfire season. Regularly follow up with your doctor to optimize your treatment plan and address any changes in your condition. A balanced diet, hydration, and regular physical activity (as recommended by your doctor) can also support your lung health.

If wildfires are a frequent occurrence in your area, consider relocating to a region with lower wildfire risk. This is especially important for individuals with severe chronic lung conditions who may face repeated exacerbations.

Join community efforts to reduce local air pollution and promote forest management strategies that minimize wildfire risks. Policies that address climate change and prioritize public health can have long-term benefits for individuals with chronic lung diseases.

What to Do in Case of Emergency

Despite your best preparations, emergencies can happen. If you experience severe symptoms such as extreme shortness of breath, persistent chest pain, or confusion, seek medical attention immediately. During evacuations, prioritize locations with better air quality.

Resources for Ongoing Support

Several organizations provide resources to help individuals with chronic lung conditions during wildfire season:

Conclusion

Living with a chronic lung disease requires vigilance, especially during wildfire season. By preparing in advance, staying informed, and taking proactive measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of exposure to harmful wildfire smoke. Whether it’s sealing your home, investing in an air purifier, or having an emergency plan, each step you take empowers you to protect your health and well-being.

Remember, your lungs are precious, and every effort to shield them from the impact of wildfires is an investment in your quality of life. With the right preparation and support, you can navigate wildfire season with greater confidence and peace of mind.

Whether you are dealing with nearby wildfires or prepping for life’s challenges, protecting your lung health has never been more critical. At Hootenanny Joy, we understand the challenges of breathing well in a changing world, and we’re here to help. Our health programs are designed to empower you with practical tools and personalized support to improve your knowledge, enhance your overall wellness, and regain control over your health. Don’t let environmental challenges hold you back — join us to breathe easier and live better, every single day. Let’s take the first step together toward thriving health and a more resilient you.